PIP: The Numbers · Flagship study

The Believability Gap.

Some conditions are awarded PIP 96.4% of the time. Others, 12.4%. The difference is not how disabling they are, it is how provable they are on assessment day.

Data: DWP quarterly PIP statistics, 16 June 2026 release. Coverage: April 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026. Source: DWP Stat-Xplore (Open Data API).

Total PIP caseload
4,010,119
People with an entitlement, April 2026. England and Wales.
Award rate (last 12 months)
39.6%
Of new claims decided in the last 12 months were awarded (May 2025 to April 2026).
The squeeze
44.2% → 39.6%
All-time new-claim rate vs last 12 months: a 4.6pt drop.
The ladder

Every condition, plotted.

Each dot is a DWP condition category. Horizontal axis: how many people currently claim (log scale). Vertical axis: headline award rate. Colour: how the condition presents at assessment.

Named extremes at the top: motor neurone disease (95.8%) and pancreatic cancer (96.4%). Bottom of the ladder: eczema (12.4%) and ADHD / ADD (24.1%).

The league table

All 165 conditions.

Default sort: hardest to win first. † marks conditions with fewer than 300 decisions in the last 12 months, where the headline rate falls back to the all-time figure.

#ConditionAward rateClaimantsTrendGroup
1Eczema (dermatitis)12.4%1,519mixed
2Dyslexia16.8%4,490mixed
3Ulcerative colitis17.7%5,897objective
4Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)18.2%3,288invisible
5Sleep apnoea - obstructive18.7%3,900objective
6Migraine21.6%6,052invisible
7Crohns disease22.3%12,346objective
8Skin disease - Other / type not known22.6%2,399mixed
9Conductive hearing loss - Other causes of / type not known23.1% 2,292objective
10Ovary uterus cervix vagina and vulva - Other diseases of / type not known24.0%1,776mixed
11ADHD / ADD24.1%100,207invisible
12Hypothyroidism (myxoedema)24.5%2,169mixed
13Headache - Other causes of / cause not known25.0%1,882invisible
14Bladder urethra testes and penis - Other diseases of / type not known25.2%1,857mixed
15Small bowel - Other diseases of / type not known26.0%1,925mixed
16Diabetes mellitus Type 1 (insulin dependent)26.0%13,678objective
17Oesophagus stomach and duodenum - Other diseases of / type not known26.1%2,354mixed
18Psoriasis26.4%2,295mixed
19Menieres disease26.9%2,285mixed
20Raynaud's disease/phenomenon26.9%2,420mixed
21Diverticular disease / diverticulitis27.2%2,845mixed
22Dizziness - cause not specified28.1%2,164invisible
23Gastrointestinal tract - Other diseases of / type not known28.2%2,844mixed
24Gout29.2%2,808mixed
25Adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)29.7%1,894mixed
26Endometriosis29.8%6,121invisible
27Disease affecting hearing & balance - Other/ type not known30.1%6,490mixed
28Shoulder disorders - Other / type not known31.1%7,273mixed
29Hernia32.2%2,123mixed
30Wrist and hand disorders - Other / type not known32.8%9,063mixed
31Upper limb - Injury/Fracture/Dislocation of33.0%6,486objective
32Asperger syndrome33.1%30,551invisible
33Rotator cuff disorder33.4%2,028mixed
34Diabetes mellitus (category unknown)33.7%14,052objective
35Diabetes mellitus Type 2 (non insulin dependent)34.5%16,335objective
36Ankle and foot disorders - Other / type not known34.8%14,144mixed
37Sensorineural hearing loss - Other causes of / type not known34.9%7,534objective
38Hypertension36.0%6,248mixed
39Asthma36.0%26,052mixed
40Tachycardia36.5%3,647mixed
41Glaucoma38.1%4,094objective
42Hypermobility syndrome38.1%8,017invisible
43Carpal tunnel syndrome38.1%8,466mixed
44Anxiety disorders - Other / type not known38.2%39,033invisible
45Autism38.4%227,526invisible
46Transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs)38.6%2,948objective
47Generalised anxiety disorder38.7%15,692invisible
48Heart disease - Congenital - Other / type not known38.8%4,044mixed
49Cardiovascular disease - Other / type not known39.3%10,528mixed
50Atrial fibrillation/flutter39.5%4,523mixed
51Deep vein thrombosis39.8%3,404mixed
52Mood disorders - Other / type not known40.1%5,704invisible
53Scoliosis40.1%13,418objective
54Vision - Other diseases affecting / type not known40.7%13,255mixed
55Hearing loss - mixed41.0%6,854mixed
56Cardiomyopathy41.2%4,469objective
57Myocardial infarction41.2%11,795objective
58Kidney disease - Other / type not known41.6%10,975mixed
59Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)41.8%12,343invisible
60Genetic disorders dysplasias and malformations - Other / type not known41.9%13,507mixed
61Knee disorders - Other / type not known42.1%21,343mixed
62Sarcoidosis42.6%2,734objective
63HIV/AIDs42.9%5,627objective
64Ischaemic heart disease - Other / type not known43.1%10,489objective
65Osteoarthritis of other single joint43.1%15,179objective
66Musculoskeletal disease - Regional / Localised - Other / type not known43.1%15,762mixed
67Movement disorders - Other / type not known43.3%4,943mixed
68Autoimmune disease - Other / type not known43.9%3,811mixed
69Angina44.0%8,846objective
70Neck disorders - Other / type not known44.2%6,231mixed
71Long COVID / post-COVID (DWP category: Coronavirus COVID-19)44.4%6,163invisible
72Peripheral nerve injury - Other / type not known44.4%5,067mixed
73specific learning disorder - other / type not known44.5%24,978mixed
74Phobia - Social44.8%3,453invisible
75Lower limb - Injuries/Fracture/Dislocation of44.8%16,283objective
76tumours - benign - Other / type not known45.0%6,946objective
77Panic disorder45.3%3,738invisible
78Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)46.0%8,365objective
79Pancreatitis - chronic46.6%2,550mixed
80Depressive disorder46.7%93,364invisible
81Inflammatory arthritis - Other / type not known46.7%71,829mixed
82Lower respiratory tract - Other diseases of / type not known47.2%4,048mixed
83Generalised musculoskeletal disease - Other / type not known47.3%16,229mixed
84Osteoporosis48.7%11,976objective
85Ehlers Danlos syndrome49.0%7,386invisible
86Anxiety and depressive disorders - mixed49.3%435,330invisible
87Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)49.3%33,555invisible
88Cerebrovascular disease - Other / type not known49.4%4,775mixed
89Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) chronic bronchitis/emphysema49.6%91,773objective
90Head injury - Cognitive impairment50.1%10,635objective
91Neurological disorders - Other / type not known50.2%33,283mixed
92Back pain - Non specific (mechanical)50.4%52,374invisible
93Multiple sclerosis50.6%57,599objective
94Cervical spondylosis50.6%9,595mixed
95Pain syndromes - Chronic - Other / type not known50.9%17,281invisible
96Ankylosing spondylitis51.1%13,583objective
97Lymphoedema51.2%6,447mixed
98Liver failure - Features of - Other / features not known51.3%2,273mixed
99Neuropathies - Other / type not known including peripheral51.4%25,081mixed
100Cervical disc lesion51.8%3,158mixed
101Arthritis - Psoriatic52.3%18,380mixed
102Learning disability - Other / type not known52.5%149,464objective
103Bipolar affective disorder (Hypomania / Mania)52.7%57,088invisible
104Deafness - congenital52.8%15,854objective
105Primary generalised Osteoarthritis53.5%218,067objective
106Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)53.6%66,816invisible
107Hip disorders - Other / type not known53.9%17,428mixed
108Fibromyalgia54.0%179,051invisible
109Osteoarthritis of Knee54.1%47,980objective
110Rheumatoid arthritis54.1%85,085objective
111Head injury - Cognitive and sensorimotor impairment54.2%12,468objective
112Cardiac failure55.1%16,660mixed
113Cognitive disorders - Other / type not known55.2%7,813mixed
114Back pain - Specific - Other / type not known55.3%116,405invisible
115Cirrhosis - Other / type not known55.4%2,891objective
116Multiple - Injuries/Fracture/Dislocation56.5%9,815objective
117Renal failure - chronic56.5%6,114objective
118Personality disorder56.9%58,338invisible
119Prostate - cancer of58.7%7,155objective
120Spine - Injuries/Fracture/Dislocation of59.5%19,722objective
121Fracture complications - Other / type not known60.6% 1,734objective
122Spondylolisthesis60.7%7,485objective
123Cerebrovascular accident (stroke)61.4%82,805objective
124Lumbar disc lesion61.5%40,163mixed
125Lumbar spondylosis (OA spine)61.6%23,732mixed
126Parkinson's disease63.3%16,577objective
127Psychotic disorders - Other / type not known63.8%34,846invisible
128Schizoaffective disorder64.9%14,017invisible
129Spinal cord compression - Other causes of / cause not known65.2%7,375objective
130Agoraphobia65.3%7,167invisible
131Anorexia nervosa65.4%5,231invisible
132Cirrhosis - Alcohol induced65.6%1,427objective
133Seizures - unclassified65.7%51,541mixed
134Osteoarthritis of Hip66.1%22,008objective
135Schizophrenia66.4%83,048invisible
136Drug misuse66.4%4,825invisible
137Generalised seizures (without status epilepticus in last 12 months)67.6%7,104mixed
138Bladder - cancer of67.8%2,268objective
139Spinal stenosis68.3%20,779objective
140Alcohol misuse69.8%13,313invisible
141Obesity70.4%4,688mixed
142Cancers - Other / type not known71.4%9,432objective
143Endometrium (uterus / womb) - cancer of71.5%1,641objective
144Kidney - cancer of74.4%3,119objective
145Non hodgkins lymphoma74.4%4,728objective
146Breast - cancer of75.0%30,622objective
147Generalised seizures (with status epilepticus in last 12 months)75.3%9,864mixed
148Amputation - Lower limb(s)75.3%14,112objective
149Melanoma76.4%2,026mixed
150Hodgkins lymphoma77.5%2,452objective
151Mouth/tongue - cancer of78.2%2,338objective
152Cervix - cancer of80.6%1,829objective
153Bowel cancer81.9%12,435objective
154Myeloma82.5%4,206objective
155Ovary - cancer of84.9%2,643objective
156Dementia85.2%14,755objective
157Gastrointestinal tract - Other cancers of / type not known89.1%2,377objective
158Stomach - cancer of89.9%900objective
159Brain and spinal cord - cancer of90.3%7,027objective
160Liver - cancer of90.9%1,380objective
161Primary cancer - site not known91.1%590objective
162Oesophagus - cancer of92.3%2,636objective
163Lung cancers - Other93.0%11,982objective
164Motor neurone disease95.8%2,390objective
165Pancreas - cancer of96.4%1,790objective
Finding 1

The squeeze.

Across all conditions the new-claim award rate has fallen from 44.2% all-time to 39.6% in the last 12 months, a 4.6 percentage-point drop on 783,465 decisions. The squeeze is not evenly distributed. Below: the eight highest-volume conditions where the 12-month rate has fallen furthest below the all-time rate.

Finding 2

The form gap.

14.5% of decided new claims in the last 12 months, roughly 113,373 people, were disallowed before anyone assessed them. In most cases the form was not returned in time; these claims never even get a condition recorded, so they show up in the overall figure but nowhere in the per-condition breakdowns.

The gap is visible from the other side too. The rate for claims that reach assessment is 46.3%, compared with 39.6% for all new-claim decisions. Getting to assessment is a filter in itself.

Finding 3

The provability gradient.

Median all-time award rates by group: objective conditions (confirmed by tests or visible damage) 56.5%; mixed 41.3%; invisible (diagnosed by symptoms and clinical judgement) 47.9%.

The gradient is not a clean split between visible and invisible. Some fluctuating conditions that are test-confirmed also cluster low, for example Crohn's disease (0.0%) and ulcerative colitis (17.7%). The common factor is how the disability presents in a one-hour assessment on one day, not just the diagnosis method.

How we classified every condition (165 categories, our editorial grouping)

The categories and numbers are DWP's. The classification below is ours, not the department's.

Confirmed by tests or visible damage (69)
Amputation - Lower limb(s)AnginaAnkylosing spondylitisBladder - cancer ofBowel cancerBrain and spinal cord - cancer ofBreast - cancer ofCancers - Other / type not knownCardiomyopathyCerebrovascular accident (stroke)Cervix - cancer ofChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) chronic bronchitis/emphysemaCirrhosis - Alcohol inducedCirrhosis - Other / type not knownConductive hearing loss - Other causes of / type not knownCrohns diseaseDeafness - congenitalDementiaDiabetes mellitus (category unknown)Diabetes mellitus Type 1 (insulin dependent)Diabetes mellitus Type 2 (non insulin dependent)Endometrium (uterus / womb) - cancer ofFracture complications - Other / type not knownGastrointestinal tract - Other cancers of / type not knownGlaucomaHead injury - Cognitive and sensorimotor impairmentHead injury - Cognitive impairmentHIV/AIDsHodgkins lymphomaIschaemic heart disease - Other / type not knownKidney - cancer ofLearning disability - Other / type not knownLiver - cancer ofLower limb - Injuries/Fracture/Dislocation ofLung cancers - OtherMotor neurone diseaseMouth/tongue - cancer ofMultiple - Injuries/Fracture/DislocationMultiple sclerosisMyelomaMyocardial infarctionNon hodgkins lymphomaOesophagus - cancer ofOsteoarthritis of HipOsteoarthritis of KneeOsteoarthritis of other single jointOsteoporosisOvary - cancer ofPancreas - cancer ofParkinson's diseasePrimary cancer - site not knownPrimary generalised OsteoarthritisProstate - cancer ofRenal failure - chronicRheumatoid arthritisSarcoidosisScoliosisSensorineural hearing loss - Other causes of / type not knownSleep apnoea - obstructiveSpinal cord compression - Other causes of / cause not knownSpinal stenosisSpine - Injuries/Fracture/Dislocation ofSpondylolisthesisStomach - cancer ofSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)Transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs)tumours - benign - Other / type not knownUlcerative colitisUpper limb - Injury/Fracture/Dislocation of
Diagnosed by symptoms and clinical judgement (34)
ADHD / ADDAgoraphobiaAlcohol misuseAnorexia nervosaAnxiety and depressive disorders - mixedAnxiety disorders - Other / type not knownAsperger syndromeAutismBack pain - Non specific (mechanical)Back pain - Specific - Other / type not knownBipolar affective disorder (Hypomania / Mania)Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)Depressive disorderDizziness - cause not specifiedDrug misuseEhlers Danlos syndromeEndometriosisFibromyalgiaGeneralised anxiety disorderHeadache - Other causes of / cause not knownHypermobility syndromeIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS)Long COVID / post-COVID (DWP category: Coronavirus COVID-19)MigraineMood disorders - Other / type not knownObsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)Pain syndromes - Chronic - Other / type not knownPanic disorderPersonality disorderPhobia - SocialPost traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)Psychotic disorders - Other / type not knownSchizoaffective disorderSchizophrenia
In between (62)
Adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)Ankle and foot disorders - Other / type not knownArthritis - PsoriaticAsthmaAtrial fibrillation/flutterAutoimmune disease - Other / type not knownBladder urethra testes and penis - Other diseases of / type not knownCardiac failureCardiovascular disease - Other / type not knownCarpal tunnel syndromeCerebrovascular disease - Other / type not knownCervical disc lesionCervical spondylosisCognitive disorders - Other / type not knownDeep vein thrombosisDisease affecting hearing & balance - Other/ type not knownDiverticular disease / diverticulitisDyslexiaEczema (dermatitis)Gastrointestinal tract - Other diseases of / type not knownGeneralised musculoskeletal disease - Other / type not knownGeneralised seizures (with status epilepticus in last 12 months)Generalised seizures (without status epilepticus in last 12 months)Genetic disorders dysplasias and malformations - Other / type not knownGoutHearing loss - mixedHeart disease - Congenital - Other / type not knownHerniaHip disorders - Other / type not knownHypertensionHypothyroidism (myxoedema)Inflammatory arthritis - Other / type not knownKidney disease - Other / type not knownKnee disorders - Other / type not knownLiver failure - Features of - Other / features not knownLower respiratory tract - Other diseases of / type not knownLumbar disc lesionLumbar spondylosis (OA spine)LymphoedemaMelanomaMenieres diseaseMovement disorders - Other / type not knownMusculoskeletal disease - Regional / Localised - Other / type not knownNeck disorders - Other / type not knownNeurological disorders - Other / type not knownNeuropathies - Other / type not known including peripheralObesityOesophagus stomach and duodenum - Other diseases of / type not knownOvary uterus cervix vagina and vulva - Other diseases of / type not knownPancreatitis - chronicPeripheral nerve injury - Other / type not knownPsoriasisRaynaud's disease/phenomenonRotator cuff disorderSeizures - unclassifiedShoulder disorders - Other / type not knownSkin disease - Other / type not knownSmall bowel - Other diseases of / type not knownspecific learning disorder - other / type not knownTachycardiaVision - Other diseases affecting / type not knownWrist and hand disorders - Other / type not known
Finding 4

What we did not find.

No gender gap at the aggregate award-rate level. Male new-claim award rate (all time): 44.2%. Female new-claim award rate (all time): 44.2%. The correlation between a condition's female share and its award rate across 165 categories is 0.13, which is weak.

Claims of a systemic gender penalty in PIP award rates are not supported at this level of the data. This does not rule out differences at the descriptor, appeals, or regional level, which this dataset cannot see. We publish this section deliberately: what the data does not show matters as much as what it does.

Finding 5

Seven years of growth.

Total PIP caseload rose from roughly 2.11 million (April 2019) to 4,010,119 (April 2026). Named risers stand out:

  • Endometriosis: 8.5× increase since 2019 (7166,121 claimants).
  • Anxiety disorders - Other / type not known: 4.8× increase since 2019 (8,05139,033 claimants).
Methodology and caveats

Definitions. rateAllTime = Awarded ÷ (Awarded + Disallowed), new claims, all months since 2013, withdrawn excluded. rate12m = the same, decisions made May 2025 to April 2026 only; null (marked †) where fewer than 300 decisions in the window. Claimants = cases with entitlement, April 2026.

Coverage. England and Wales (DWP policy ownership). Scotland has migrated to Adult Disability Payment.

Source. DWP Stat-Xplore (Open Data API). DWP quarterly PIP statistics, 16 June 2026 release. Retrieved 16 July 2026.

Licence. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

What this data cannot say. Award rate is not a measure of severity or deservingness. DWP records one primary condition per claim; many claimants have more than one. Per-condition waiting times and per-condition tribunal outcomes are not published, and we never imply them.

Full methodology.

If a specific condition brought you here, the per-condition pages go deeper on the ten we have written up, and the assessment helps you map your day-to-day to the descriptors DWP scores. Not benefits advice.

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